A 15-Year Retrospective Study of Orofacial Burkitt’s Lymphoma in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Abstract

Background: Orofacial Burkitt lymphoma, a major manifestation of the endemic variant of Burkitt lymphoma in African children, has historically posed serious health challenges in sub-Saharan Africa due to its aggressive nature and potential for facial disfigurement. Fortunately, both its incidence and prevalence have decreased recently.

Objectives: To investigate the pattern of Burkitt's lymphoma distribution in the orofacial region and treatment outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective review spans 15 years (2007-2021) and examines cases of Burkitt’s lymphoma at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study included records of 62 cases presenting with orofacial Burkitt's lymphoma and complete clinical, histological, and/or cytological data.

Results: There was a consistent decline in incidence over the study period. Most patients (51, 82.3%) were aged 1–10 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.7:1. The maxilla was the most frequently affected site (42.0%), and the majority (77.4%) presented with advanced-stage disease. Overall, 58.6% achieved remission, with a correlation (p < 0.001) between the number of chemotherapy cycles received and treatment outcomes.

Conclusion: Despite challenges, orofacial Burkitt's lymphoma remains treatable. This study highlights the importance of treatment adherence and completion of the recommended chemotherapy courses.